understanding of network connectivity
Preparation
for improvement of network connectivity on the client computer with
problems should first know the equipment will be used and needed in the
network . In
addition to the equipment in the process of improvement of connectivity
we also need to know the type of network topology that is used by the
client computer . This
is done so that in the process of preparation and improvement process
we do not use a system of trial and error which means we just try
without knowing the actual problems faced . In the following discussion will discuss the preparation of the tissue repair konektiftas with Bus and Star topology . The reason the discussion only on the network with Bus and Star topology because both the network being used .1 . Preparation of the Network Connectivity Repair with Topology BusIs the physical topology using coaxial cable by using the T - Connector with 50 ohm terminator at the end of the network . Bus topology uses a single cable both ends are closed and all cable nodes .Bus topology characteristics are :
is that both ends of the cable along the cable where there is a closed nodes .
Most prevevalent for simple installation
Signal merewati with a 2 -way cable is likely to occur
collision ( collision data or mixing of data ) .
The biggest problem in case of broken or loose on one
the connector then the entire network will stop
Bus Topology is the transmission lines where the signal is received and
sent on each tool / device that is connected in a straight line ( cable ) , the signal will only be captured by means of the destination, while other tools are not going to ignore the purpose of the signal / signal will only be bypassed .Preparation is done is to prepare the equipment . Equipment or materials required for the network with bus topology is :a) Network Card ( Network Interface Card / LAN Card )A jarinagn card ( LAN Card ) installed in the expansion slot on a motherboard of the computer server and workstation ( client ) so that the computer can be connected into a network system . Judging from the type of the interface on the PC there are two types of PCI and ISA .b ) Cables and connectorsThe cables are used to network with bus topology using coaxial cable is . Coaxial cables provide good enough protection from cross talk ( due to the electric field and the phase signal ) and electical inteference ( originating from lightning , motors and radio system ) because there is some sort of protective metal / metal in the cables .Types include cable TV coaxial cable ( Antenna cable ) , thick coaxial and thin coaxial maximum transfer rate of 10 Mbps data rate .Coaxial cable or RG - 58 cable or cable 10base2 ( ten base two ) has a range of between 300m and 300m above can be reached by using repeaters . To be used as a standard network cable must meet IEEE 802.3 10BASE2 , with an average diameter of about 5 mm and are usually dark colored .Connectors are used in a bus topology network is to use a BNC connector . BNC connectors there are 3 types namely :
BNC connector BNC connector mounted on the ends of the coaxial cable .
TerminatorBNC BNC connector attached to the ends of the Network Topology Bus which has a resistance value of 50 ohms .
TBNC is the connector that is connected to the network card ( LAN card ) and to the BNC connector or to a terminator to end networks .2 . Preparation Improvements in network connectivity with a star topologyStar topology is the topology of each node is the node center / central as a counselor . Data flow going towards the new central node toward the destination node .This topology is widely used in many places because it easier to add , decimate and detect damage to the existing network . Cable length should not appropriate ( matching ) . Losses occur in long cable which can cause ( loss effect) due to conduction law , but all of it can be ignored .Star topology characteristics are :
Each node communicates directly with the central node , the data traffic flowing from node to the central node and back again .
Easily developed because each node only has a cable that is directly connected to the central node .
Excellence in the event of damage to one node then only at the nodes are disturbed without disturbing other network
Cable can be used to handle lower because only one node traffic and usually using UTP cable .Preparations to be done is to prepare the equipment . Equipment or materials required for the network with bus topology is :1 . Network Card ( Network Interface Card / LAN Card )A network card ( LAN Card ) installed in the expansion slot on the motherboard of a computer server or workstation ( client ) so that the computer can be connected into a network system . Judging from the type of its interface to the network using a star topology using a PCI network card types .2 . Cables and ConnectorsNetwork cables are used in a star topology is UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) . Is a twisted pair of wires to one another with the aim of reducing electrical interference which there are two , four or more pairs ( usually used in the network is 4 pairs / 8 wires ) . UTP can have a transfer rate of 10 mbps to 100 mbps but it has a short distance is a maximum of 100m . Concessions in Indonesia which color wires are twisted ( orangeputih orange ) , ( green - white green ) , ( chocolate and white chocolate ) and ( biruputih blue ) .Connectors are used in a star topology network with UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) which uses an RJ 45 and for pressing the wires using special pliers tools cramping .Fix the network connectivity on PCRemedial measures to improve the connectivity is a client computer or connect to a computer network . The action taken is included installation and reconfiguring devices replaced .In the following discussion will address the improvement of network connectivity on the Bus topology and Star topology . This is done to further deepen the discussion in accordance with the first learning activity .Corrective action network connectivity through several stages namely :1 ) Installation of Network Card ( LAN Card ) on the motherboardInstallation of the network card on the motherboar adapted to the network card is using a model of the ISA or PCI . ISA model of network card can not be mounted on a PCI slot and vice versa . So the network card must match the expansion slot . Due to the size of the expansion slots are not equal then simplify the installation so it is not likely to be confused . Installation of the network card in any slot can be done as long as the slot is not used by other components or is empty . Because if you move the existing components then turn on the computer when Windows will detect repeated on all components that will perform this re-initialization occurs on Windows 98 , Windows 2000 and Windows XP .2 ) Installation of the Connector Cable
Installation of coaxial cable and BNC connector
Installation of coaxial cable and BNC connectors should be done with care not to place short or short circuit may cause the cable because we make make the network system to be down . Checking whether the wiring is in good shape or not breaking up the middle should also be done as well as the anticipation that this does not happen connectivity failure . Testing can be done with a multimeter on both ends if there are no short or broken . If nothing can be done then the coaxial cable connecting the BNC connector . Upon completion of coaxial cable connecting the BNC connectors should be checked again if there is a short or break in the cable by using a multimeter .
Installation of UTP cable and RJ 45
Installation of UTP cable and RJ 45 connector for network cable arrangement should be standardized in order to facilitate the addition of new network without having to look at the arrangement used if already using the sorting standardization UTP cable into the RJ 45 connector .Wiring using UTP cable , there are two methods:1 . Straight Cable ( Straight Cable )Straight Cable ( Straight Cable ) is the wiring system between the end of one to the other is the same . Straight Cable ( Straight Cable ) is used to connect between the workstation ( client ) with the Hub / Switch .2 . Cross cable ( Crossover Cable )Cross cable ( Crossover Cable ) is the wiring system between the end of one another intercrossed between sending ( transmitter ) and a data receiver ( Resiver ) data. One end of the cable data transmission will be received by the data receiver on both ends of the data nor vice versa recipient of a second end of the data sender . Cross cable ( Crossover Cable ) used to connect Hub / Switch with Hub / Switch or between two computers without using a hub .3 ) Installation of the system connector on the Network
Installation of coaxial cable with BNC connectors on the network with bus topology
Installation of coaxial cable with BNC connectors on the network with bus topology using the T - Connector with 50 ohm terminator at the end of the network . Bus topology uses a single cable both ends are closed where along the cable nodes .
Installation of UTP cable with RJ 45 connector on the Network Topology Star
Installation of UTP cable with RJ 45 on Star topology each node is the node center / central as a counselor . Data flow going towards the new central node toward the destination node . This topology is widely used in various places because memudahankan to add , decimate or detect damage to the existing network .4 ) The configuration ( network card driver installation , the selection protocol , Charging IP address , subnet mask and workgroup .If all the hardware has been installed correctly then the next step is the configuration software which can be done by:a) Installation Drivers Network Card ( LAN Card )Driver installation is done when the network card is not detected due to support Plug and Play ( PnP ) . This is because the driver of the operating system ( 98/Me ) are used so there is no need driver default of the network card . How that can be done is by way of :Click on windows start 98/me >> settings >> Control Panelb ) Selection ProtocolUsually after the installation of the network card ( LAN card ) with either automatically inserts the TCP / IP protocol boxed dialog (Figure 21 ) , but if not it can be done in the following ways :c ) The IP and SubnetmaskIP Address is the unique address of a computer in a network system . Because the system is intended jarigan IP address so that if there is the same IP address then cross both computers use the same address .Class IP Address AddressIP addresses are grouped into five classes, Class A , Class B , Class C , Class D , and Class E. The differences are in each class on the size and amount. Class A IP used by sedikijaringan , but it has a number of network hosts that banyKelas C used for many networks , but the number of hosts little , Class D and E are not widely used . Each IP address consists of two fields , namely :
Field NetID ; logical network address of the subnet where the computer is connected
Hostid field ; specifically address the logical device is used to identify each host on the subnet .d ) Selection WorkgroupSelection of a workgroup to determine which group we hubungai . Workgroup can also be called a network name so that there should be a system to enter the network name to get to the destination if it is not then it is also not included in the network system .Checking , Testing & Reporting Results of Examination and Improvement Network Connectivity to PCActions taken after the system configuration is completed to the end of the action :1 ) Re-examination of network configuration2 ) Testing network connectivity3 ) Preparation of a report on the repair work that has beendoWith the above measures are expected improvement of connectivity can be tested and reliable so as not to disturb the existing network . The measures should be conducted to determine whether connectivity has been done successfully can be done by:A. Reexamination Reexamination network configuration network connectivity is re -checking the actions of the earliest processes that :a) Check the network card ( LAN card ) whether it has been installed properly or notb ) Checking the Installation of cable connectors on the hub / switch or other connectors do not have short or open ,c ) Installation of the plug is not loosed ) Setting and configuration of the network card and the software wascorrectly in accordance with the provisions of the network before installing the network card driver , Configuring IP Address , Subnet mask and workgroup use.When all has been installed properly and correctly then the next step is to test network connectivity .B. Testing network connectivityTesting or testing conducted to determine whether the network computer konektifitaskan that we have managed to fit in the intended network system .In the menu of the network we use the Computer Fine where we will do a search based on computer name on the network when determining identification when deciding on a workgroup .In dialogue we find our computer search by the name of the computer search . The search results will display a list of computers that are compliant with the name you enter.How to test the network connection results can also be done by double clicking on the Network Neighborhood icon will get a list of computer names that have been entered in accessing the network until now .Another way that can be done to see if the computer is connected to the network by logging on windows explorer there will give complete information .Testing can also be done using MS Dos to look at the configuration of the TCP / IP . In windows Ms Dos type C : > ipconfig / ALL ( IP Configuration )IPCONFIG ( IP Configuration ) to provide information only addressing TCP / IP on the computer is the only . From these images that the computer has an IP Addres number is 10.1.1.7 and subnet is 255.255.255.0 masknya For more complete information can also be done by typing in Ms Dos is C : > ipconfig / ALL | MORE .From the look of the whole ipconfig ( all ) can be obtained that :a) Host Name ( Computer Name ) is Komp_7b ) Description of the network card is using the RealtekRTL8029 ( AS ) type of Ethernet Adapter .c ) Physical Adapter is 00-02-44-27-25-73d ) IP Addres is 10.1.1.7e ) masknya Subnet is 255.255.255.0To detect whether the relationship with the network computer has been running fine then do a ping utility . Utility Ping is used to determine the connectivity that occurs with a number of IP address please contact us .Ping command to the IP address 10.1.1.1 , if we see a response message from Replay No IP Address 10.1.1.1 IP is meant to give a reply to the ping command that we provide. How information delivery capacities obtained by timing how long it signaled that the command to connect to the IP Address has been going well .If the address you are calling is not active or does not exist then it will display the data Request Time Out ( unknown IP Address ) .The computer is not recognized in the network system , or is not active . After a test on each network computer system may have been connected properly . The network system can be used for data sharing or printer , modem ( Internet ) and so on .Sharing is meant to pave the way for other client computers accessing or using the facilities that we have.To be able to perform data sharing can be by going to Windows Explorer select the data that will be shared or directory then right click and then click sharing .By sharing network system can use 1 unit printer to print the data from each client computer thus cutting costs for the purchase of a printer that costs a lot .
is that both ends of the cable along the cable where there is a closed nodes .
Most prevevalent for simple installation
Signal merewati with a 2 -way cable is likely to occur
collision ( collision data or mixing of data ) .
The biggest problem in case of broken or loose on one
the connector then the entire network will stop
Bus Topology is the transmission lines where the signal is received and
sent on each tool / device that is connected in a straight line ( cable ) , the signal will only be captured by means of the destination, while other tools are not going to ignore the purpose of the signal / signal will only be bypassed .Preparation is done is to prepare the equipment . Equipment or materials required for the network with bus topology is :a) Network Card ( Network Interface Card / LAN Card )A jarinagn card ( LAN Card ) installed in the expansion slot on a motherboard of the computer server and workstation ( client ) so that the computer can be connected into a network system . Judging from the type of the interface on the PC there are two types of PCI and ISA .b ) Cables and connectorsThe cables are used to network with bus topology using coaxial cable is . Coaxial cables provide good enough protection from cross talk ( due to the electric field and the phase signal ) and electical inteference ( originating from lightning , motors and radio system ) because there is some sort of protective metal / metal in the cables .Types include cable TV coaxial cable ( Antenna cable ) , thick coaxial and thin coaxial maximum transfer rate of 10 Mbps data rate .Coaxial cable or RG - 58 cable or cable 10base2 ( ten base two ) has a range of between 300m and 300m above can be reached by using repeaters . To be used as a standard network cable must meet IEEE 802.3 10BASE2 , with an average diameter of about 5 mm and are usually dark colored .Connectors are used in a bus topology network is to use a BNC connector . BNC connectors there are 3 types namely :
BNC connector BNC connector mounted on the ends of the coaxial cable .
TerminatorBNC BNC connector attached to the ends of the Network Topology Bus which has a resistance value of 50 ohms .
TBNC is the connector that is connected to the network card ( LAN card ) and to the BNC connector or to a terminator to end networks .2 . Preparation Improvements in network connectivity with a star topologyStar topology is the topology of each node is the node center / central as a counselor . Data flow going towards the new central node toward the destination node .This topology is widely used in many places because it easier to add , decimate and detect damage to the existing network . Cable length should not appropriate ( matching ) . Losses occur in long cable which can cause ( loss effect) due to conduction law , but all of it can be ignored .Star topology characteristics are :
Each node communicates directly with the central node , the data traffic flowing from node to the central node and back again .
Easily developed because each node only has a cable that is directly connected to the central node .
Excellence in the event of damage to one node then only at the nodes are disturbed without disturbing other network
Cable can be used to handle lower because only one node traffic and usually using UTP cable .Preparations to be done is to prepare the equipment . Equipment or materials required for the network with bus topology is :1 . Network Card ( Network Interface Card / LAN Card )A network card ( LAN Card ) installed in the expansion slot on the motherboard of a computer server or workstation ( client ) so that the computer can be connected into a network system . Judging from the type of its interface to the network using a star topology using a PCI network card types .2 . Cables and ConnectorsNetwork cables are used in a star topology is UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) . Is a twisted pair of wires to one another with the aim of reducing electrical interference which there are two , four or more pairs ( usually used in the network is 4 pairs / 8 wires ) . UTP can have a transfer rate of 10 mbps to 100 mbps but it has a short distance is a maximum of 100m . Concessions in Indonesia which color wires are twisted ( orangeputih orange ) , ( green - white green ) , ( chocolate and white chocolate ) and ( biruputih blue ) .Connectors are used in a star topology network with UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) which uses an RJ 45 and for pressing the wires using special pliers tools cramping .Fix the network connectivity on PCRemedial measures to improve the connectivity is a client computer or connect to a computer network . The action taken is included installation and reconfiguring devices replaced .In the following discussion will address the improvement of network connectivity on the Bus topology and Star topology . This is done to further deepen the discussion in accordance with the first learning activity .Corrective action network connectivity through several stages namely :1 ) Installation of Network Card ( LAN Card ) on the motherboardInstallation of the network card on the motherboar adapted to the network card is using a model of the ISA or PCI . ISA model of network card can not be mounted on a PCI slot and vice versa . So the network card must match the expansion slot . Due to the size of the expansion slots are not equal then simplify the installation so it is not likely to be confused . Installation of the network card in any slot can be done as long as the slot is not used by other components or is empty . Because if you move the existing components then turn on the computer when Windows will detect repeated on all components that will perform this re-initialization occurs on Windows 98 , Windows 2000 and Windows XP .2 ) Installation of the Connector Cable
Installation of coaxial cable and BNC connector
Installation of coaxial cable and BNC connectors should be done with care not to place short or short circuit may cause the cable because we make make the network system to be down . Checking whether the wiring is in good shape or not breaking up the middle should also be done as well as the anticipation that this does not happen connectivity failure . Testing can be done with a multimeter on both ends if there are no short or broken . If nothing can be done then the coaxial cable connecting the BNC connector . Upon completion of coaxial cable connecting the BNC connectors should be checked again if there is a short or break in the cable by using a multimeter .
Installation of UTP cable and RJ 45
Installation of UTP cable and RJ 45 connector for network cable arrangement should be standardized in order to facilitate the addition of new network without having to look at the arrangement used if already using the sorting standardization UTP cable into the RJ 45 connector .Wiring using UTP cable , there are two methods:1 . Straight Cable ( Straight Cable )Straight Cable ( Straight Cable ) is the wiring system between the end of one to the other is the same . Straight Cable ( Straight Cable ) is used to connect between the workstation ( client ) with the Hub / Switch .2 . Cross cable ( Crossover Cable )Cross cable ( Crossover Cable ) is the wiring system between the end of one another intercrossed between sending ( transmitter ) and a data receiver ( Resiver ) data. One end of the cable data transmission will be received by the data receiver on both ends of the data nor vice versa recipient of a second end of the data sender . Cross cable ( Crossover Cable ) used to connect Hub / Switch with Hub / Switch or between two computers without using a hub .3 ) Installation of the system connector on the Network
Installation of coaxial cable with BNC connectors on the network with bus topology
Installation of coaxial cable with BNC connectors on the network with bus topology using the T - Connector with 50 ohm terminator at the end of the network . Bus topology uses a single cable both ends are closed where along the cable nodes .
Installation of UTP cable with RJ 45 connector on the Network Topology Star
Installation of UTP cable with RJ 45 on Star topology each node is the node center / central as a counselor . Data flow going towards the new central node toward the destination node . This topology is widely used in various places because memudahankan to add , decimate or detect damage to the existing network .4 ) The configuration ( network card driver installation , the selection protocol , Charging IP address , subnet mask and workgroup .If all the hardware has been installed correctly then the next step is the configuration software which can be done by:a) Installation Drivers Network Card ( LAN Card )Driver installation is done when the network card is not detected due to support Plug and Play ( PnP ) . This is because the driver of the operating system ( 98/Me ) are used so there is no need driver default of the network card . How that can be done is by way of :Click on windows start 98/me >> settings >> Control Panelb ) Selection ProtocolUsually after the installation of the network card ( LAN card ) with either automatically inserts the TCP / IP protocol boxed dialog (Figure 21 ) , but if not it can be done in the following ways :c ) The IP and SubnetmaskIP Address is the unique address of a computer in a network system . Because the system is intended jarigan IP address so that if there is the same IP address then cross both computers use the same address .Class IP Address AddressIP addresses are grouped into five classes, Class A , Class B , Class C , Class D , and Class E. The differences are in each class on the size and amount. Class A IP used by sedikijaringan , but it has a number of network hosts that banyKelas C used for many networks , but the number of hosts little , Class D and E are not widely used . Each IP address consists of two fields , namely :
Field NetID ; logical network address of the subnet where the computer is connected
Hostid field ; specifically address the logical device is used to identify each host on the subnet .d ) Selection WorkgroupSelection of a workgroup to determine which group we hubungai . Workgroup can also be called a network name so that there should be a system to enter the network name to get to the destination if it is not then it is also not included in the network system .Checking , Testing & Reporting Results of Examination and Improvement Network Connectivity to PCActions taken after the system configuration is completed to the end of the action :1 ) Re-examination of network configuration2 ) Testing network connectivity3 ) Preparation of a report on the repair work that has beendoWith the above measures are expected improvement of connectivity can be tested and reliable so as not to disturb the existing network . The measures should be conducted to determine whether connectivity has been done successfully can be done by:A. Reexamination Reexamination network configuration network connectivity is re -checking the actions of the earliest processes that :a) Check the network card ( LAN card ) whether it has been installed properly or notb ) Checking the Installation of cable connectors on the hub / switch or other connectors do not have short or open ,c ) Installation of the plug is not loosed ) Setting and configuration of the network card and the software wascorrectly in accordance with the provisions of the network before installing the network card driver , Configuring IP Address , Subnet mask and workgroup use.When all has been installed properly and correctly then the next step is to test network connectivity .B. Testing network connectivityTesting or testing conducted to determine whether the network computer konektifitaskan that we have managed to fit in the intended network system .In the menu of the network we use the Computer Fine where we will do a search based on computer name on the network when determining identification when deciding on a workgroup .In dialogue we find our computer search by the name of the computer search . The search results will display a list of computers that are compliant with the name you enter.How to test the network connection results can also be done by double clicking on the Network Neighborhood icon will get a list of computer names that have been entered in accessing the network until now .Another way that can be done to see if the computer is connected to the network by logging on windows explorer there will give complete information .Testing can also be done using MS Dos to look at the configuration of the TCP / IP . In windows Ms Dos type C : > ipconfig / ALL ( IP Configuration )IPCONFIG ( IP Configuration ) to provide information only addressing TCP / IP on the computer is the only . From these images that the computer has an IP Addres number is 10.1.1.7 and subnet is 255.255.255.0 masknya For more complete information can also be done by typing in Ms Dos is C : > ipconfig / ALL | MORE .From the look of the whole ipconfig ( all ) can be obtained that :a) Host Name ( Computer Name ) is Komp_7b ) Description of the network card is using the RealtekRTL8029 ( AS ) type of Ethernet Adapter .c ) Physical Adapter is 00-02-44-27-25-73d ) IP Addres is 10.1.1.7e ) masknya Subnet is 255.255.255.0To detect whether the relationship with the network computer has been running fine then do a ping utility . Utility Ping is used to determine the connectivity that occurs with a number of IP address please contact us .Ping command to the IP address 10.1.1.1 , if we see a response message from Replay No IP Address 10.1.1.1 IP is meant to give a reply to the ping command that we provide. How information delivery capacities obtained by timing how long it signaled that the command to connect to the IP Address has been going well .If the address you are calling is not active or does not exist then it will display the data Request Time Out ( unknown IP Address ) .The computer is not recognized in the network system , or is not active . After a test on each network computer system may have been connected properly . The network system can be used for data sharing or printer , modem ( Internet ) and so on .Sharing is meant to pave the way for other client computers accessing or using the facilities that we have.To be able to perform data sharing can be by going to Windows Explorer select the data that will be shared or directory then right click and then click sharing .By sharing network system can use 1 unit printer to print the data from each client computer thus cutting costs for the purchase of a printer that costs a lot .
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