COMPUTER NETWORK
COMPUTER NETWORK
Three centuries before now , each one characterized by the dominance of the 18th berbeda.Abad dominated by the development of a mechanical system that accompanies industri.Abad 19th revolution was the steam engine era . The 20th century , the technology of radio , TV and the computer plays a role for the collection , processing and distribution of media information .
The 21st century is the current or - information era , where the global computer network technology that is able to reach all areas of the world , the development of systems and technologies used , the dissemination of information through the internet , launching communication satellites and wireless communication devices / mobile marks the beginning of the century millennium .
Since her public internet and it markets its Windows 95 operating system by Microsoft Inc. . , Connecting multiple computers both personal computers ( PCs ) and servers with a network of the type of LAN ( Local Area Network ) to the WAN ( Wide Area Network ) into a thing easy and regular . Similarly, the concept of " downsizing " or " lightsizing " which aims to reduce the budget expenditure ( budget efficiencies ) , especially computer equipment , the need for a computer network is one thing that is inevitable .
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER NETWORK
MELWIN SyafrizalThe computer network is the set of " interconnection " between two or more autonomous computers connected by transmission media cable or wireless ( wireless )
COMPUTER WAHANAThe computer network is a group of autonomous computers interconnected with each other using a communication protocol through the medium of transmission , so it can be shared using existing resources and communicate
Remain WahyonoThe computer network is a collection of autonomous computers that are connected to each other using a communication protocol through the transmission medium in a data communication network
ANGGA WIBOWO & SmitDev COMMUNITYThe computer network is a system that consists of computers and other network devices that work together to achieve a particular goalWikipedia
Computer network ( the network ) is a system that consists of computers that are designed to be able to share resources ( printers , CPU ) , communicate ( email , instant messaging ) , and access to information ( web browser ) .
The computer network is the " interconnection " between two or more autonomous computers , connected by transmission media cable or wireless ( wireless ) .
Autonomous is when a computer does not control the other computer with full access , so it can make another computer , restart , shutdows , loss or damage to the file system .
In other autonomous networking definition is described as an independent network with its own management system ( has admin itself ) , has a network topology , hardware and software themselves , and connect with other autonomous network . ( The Internet is an example of a collection of autonomous networks are very large . )
Two computers can be said to be connected if both exchange data / information , share resources owned , such as files, printers , storage media ( hard disk, floppy disk , cd - rom , flash disks , etc. ) . Data in the form of text , audio and video , moving through a wired or wireless media ( LAN ) to enable the computer users in computer networks to exchange files / data , print on the same printer and using hardware / software connected together in a network
Each computer , printer or peripherals connected to a network called " nodes " . A computer network consists of at least two or more computers , the computer can amount to tens of thousands or even millions of nodes that are connected to each other .
In computer networking system known connections between nodes ( computers ) , namely :
Peer to peerPeer means co-workers . Peer - to-peer network is a computer network that consists of multiple computers , connected directly with a crossover cable or wireless or also with intermediary hub / switch .
Computer on a peer to peer network is usually amounted to little with 1-2 printer.Untuk specific use , such as computer labs , research and a few other things , then the model is peer -to-peer connections could be developed for more than 10 to 100 computers .Peer to peer is a model where each PC can be put on the resource on another PC or give resourcenya to use another PC , No one acts as a server that manages the communication system and computer resource usage dijaringan contained , in other words, any computer can function as a client and servers in the same period .
For example, there are several computers in one department , was named the group in accordance with the relevant department . Each computer is assigned an IP address from the same IP class to be able to share with each other to exchange data or resources owned by each computer , such as printers , cdrom , and other files .
Client - ServerClient Server is a network model that uses a single or multiple computers as servers that provide their resources to other computers ( clients) in the network , the server will set the resource access mechanisms that may be used , as well as the communication mechanism between nodes in the network .
In addition to the local network , this system can also be applied to internet technology . Where there is a computer unit ) functions as a server which only provides services to other computers , and also the client who requested the services of the server only . Access is done transparently from the client by first logging into the destination server .
Client can only use the resources provided by a server in accordance with the authority granted by administrator.Aplikasi that run on the client side , can be a resource that is available in server.namun only be run after connecting to the server . In the software implementation splikasi installed client side is different from the one used in the server .
Client - Server type of service include:File Server : provide file management service functions .Print Server : provide a function printing services .Database Server : the functional processes of the database run on this machine and other stations can be requested service .DIP ( Document Information Processing ) : provides services function storage , management and retrieval of data .
Advantages of peer to peer networks• Implementation is cheap and easy• Does not require special network administration software• Does not require network administrators
Disadvantages of peer to peer networks• The network can not be too big ( can not enlarge the network )• Security level low• Nothing is to manage network• Computer users should be trained to secure computer networks , respectively• More and more machines be shared , will affect computer performance
Advantages of client server network• Support for better network security• Ease of administration when networks increase in size• Centralized Network Management• All data can be stored and backed up centrally in one location
Disadvantages of client server network• Need a professional network administrator• Need a good device to use as a server computer• Need software tools to simplify network management operations• The budget for network management becomes a big• If the server is down , all the data and can not be accessed in server resource
COMPUTER NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Before the popular computer network , computer users never know the distributed system . There is something quite confusing use of the term in computer networks and distributed systems ( distributed system ) .
Similarly, the second is a collection of computers that are connected to the transmission medium is relatively not much different , both have to move the file . More specific difference between Computer Network and Distribution System as follows :
The main difference between computer networks and distributed systems lies in the software (especially operating systems ) rather than hardware , because lunaklah device that determines the level of integration and network transparency is concerned .
HISTORY NETWORK & INTERNET
Computer networksYear 1950 when the types of computers began to swell until the creation of a super computer, a computer must serve multiple terminals . ( See Figure 1.4 ) was found for the distribution of time-based concept known as TSS ( Time Sharing System ) , and for the first time forming a network (network ) computer at the application layer .
In some of the TSS system terminal is connected to a host computer . In the process began to appear TSS blend of computer technology and telecommunications technology that was originally grown on their own .
In 1957 the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( ARPA ) established by the Department of Defence ( DoD ) USA , 1967 the initial design of the ARPANET was published in 1969 and held a DoD ARPANET development by conducting research to connect a computer to form an organic network ( this program is known as the ARPANET ) .
As in the image above , in this process some of the host computer is doing a great job in series to serve several terminals are connected in parallel on each host computer . In the distribution process has been absolutely necessary blend of deep between computer technology and telecommunications , because in addition to the process that must be distributed , the host computer must serve all the terminals in a single command from the computer center .
Furthermore, when the prices of small computers had started to decline and the concept of process distribution has matured , the use of computers and networks have started to vary , from start to handle the process together and communication between computers ( Peer to Peer System ) without going through a computer control center . To begin developing the local network technology known as a LAN . Similarly, when the Internet was introduced , the majority of LAN stand-alone start to relate to each other , until forming a giant network WAN .
Types of networkIn general, a computer network is divided into three types of networks:
Local Area Network ( LAN )A LAN is a network that is limited by a relatively small area , generally bounded by the area of the environment , such as an office in a building , or of each room in a school . Usually the distance between nodes is not more than about 200 m .
Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN )A MAN typically covers a larger area than a LAN , for example, between buildings in an area ( such as provincial region or state ) . In this case the network connecting several small tissue pieces into a larger area environment , as an example , namely : a network of multiple branches of a bank in a large city that is connected to each other .
Wide Area Network ( WAN )Wide Area Network ( WAN ) is a network that is usually already using the wireless medium , a means of satellite or fiber-optic cable , because its scope is broader , covering not just one city or between cities in a region , but began reaching out to area / territory authorities of other countries .
For example, City Bank office computer networks that exist in Indonesia or in other countries , which are interconnected , network ATM Master Card , Visa Card or Cirrus spread around the world and others.
WAN is usually more complicated and highly complex when compared to LAN or MAN . Use many means to connect between LAN and WAN into a global communications such as the internet , however the LAN , MAN and WAN are not much different in some ways , just a different scope of the area just one among others .
GOALS / BENEFITS NETWORK COMPUTER
Benefits for the user computer networks can be grouped into two , namely : for the needs of the company , and to the public network .
The main purpose of the establishment of a network in a company are :Resource sharing is intended to make the whole program , the equipment , especially the data can be used by everyone on the network .Saving Money ( Saving money / budget ) : Device and data that can be shared will make substantial budget savings , because it does not need to buy a new device to be installed in each and every unit of computer
High reliability ( high reliability ) : Management Information System Integrated Office or the One-Stop system with client-server technology , Internet and intranet can be applied to a computer network , so as to provide a service that is reliable, fast and accurate according to the needs and expectations .
Computer networks for public benefits :Computer networks will provide different services to the users in homes compared with the services provided to the company . There are three main things that form the attractiveness of individual computers on the network are:access to information located elsewhere ( such as access to the latest news , infoe -government , e - commerce or e -business , everything is up to date ) .person to person communication ( such as e - mail , chat , video conferene etc. ) .Interactive entertainment ( like watching tv shows on-line , radio streaming , downloading movies or songs , etc. ) .
SOCIAL ISSUES ARISING FROM COMPUTER NETWORK ( INTERNET )
Network usage by the public at large will cause social problems , ethics , politics , and economics are inevitable . The Internet has entered the lives of people everywhere , everyone can use regardless of their social status , age , gender as well .
Internet usage will not cause problems for the subject is limited to technical topics , education or hobby , as well as things that are still within the norms of life , but trouble began to appear when a site on the internet have very interesting topics , like political conflict , religion , sex , etc .
Computer network connection / internet will also cause serious economic problems when the technology is used by certain parties - parties who want to take personal advantage but harm other parties , such as carding activity , illegally download commercial software etc. .
The pictures posted profiles on the Internet pages may be something unusual for friends one person , but very annoying for some people ( because it can cause problems SARA ) .
In addition , the form of the messages are not limited to textual messages saja.Foto high-resolution color and even videoclip singkatpun now can be easily distributed over computer networks .
Some people may be indifferent , but for some other mounting material (eg pornography ) is something that is unacceptable .
Three centuries before now , each one characterized by the dominance of the 18th berbeda.Abad dominated by the development of a mechanical system that accompanies industri.Abad 19th revolution was the steam engine era . The 20th century , the technology of radio , TV and the computer plays a role for the collection , processing and distribution of media information .
The 21st century is the current or - information era , where the global computer network technology that is able to reach all areas of the world , the development of systems and technologies used , the dissemination of information through the internet , launching communication satellites and wireless communication devices / mobile marks the beginning of the century millennium .
Since her public internet and it markets its Windows 95 operating system by Microsoft Inc. . , Connecting multiple computers both personal computers ( PCs ) and servers with a network of the type of LAN ( Local Area Network ) to the WAN ( Wide Area Network ) into a thing easy and regular . Similarly, the concept of " downsizing " or " lightsizing " which aims to reduce the budget expenditure ( budget efficiencies ) , especially computer equipment , the need for a computer network is one thing that is inevitable .
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER NETWORK
MELWIN SyafrizalThe computer network is the set of " interconnection " between two or more autonomous computers connected by transmission media cable or wireless ( wireless )
COMPUTER WAHANAThe computer network is a group of autonomous computers interconnected with each other using a communication protocol through the medium of transmission , so it can be shared using existing resources and communicate
Remain WahyonoThe computer network is a collection of autonomous computers that are connected to each other using a communication protocol through the transmission medium in a data communication network
ANGGA WIBOWO & SmitDev COMMUNITYThe computer network is a system that consists of computers and other network devices that work together to achieve a particular goalWikipedia
Computer network ( the network ) is a system that consists of computers that are designed to be able to share resources ( printers , CPU ) , communicate ( email , instant messaging ) , and access to information ( web browser ) .
The computer network is the " interconnection " between two or more autonomous computers , connected by transmission media cable or wireless ( wireless ) .
Autonomous is when a computer does not control the other computer with full access , so it can make another computer , restart , shutdows , loss or damage to the file system .
In other autonomous networking definition is described as an independent network with its own management system ( has admin itself ) , has a network topology , hardware and software themselves , and connect with other autonomous network . ( The Internet is an example of a collection of autonomous networks are very large . )
Two computers can be said to be connected if both exchange data / information , share resources owned , such as files, printers , storage media ( hard disk, floppy disk , cd - rom , flash disks , etc. ) . Data in the form of text , audio and video , moving through a wired or wireless media ( LAN ) to enable the computer users in computer networks to exchange files / data , print on the same printer and using hardware / software connected together in a network
Each computer , printer or peripherals connected to a network called " nodes " . A computer network consists of at least two or more computers , the computer can amount to tens of thousands or even millions of nodes that are connected to each other .
In computer networking system known connections between nodes ( computers ) , namely :
Peer to peerPeer means co-workers . Peer - to-peer network is a computer network that consists of multiple computers , connected directly with a crossover cable or wireless or also with intermediary hub / switch .
Computer on a peer to peer network is usually amounted to little with 1-2 printer.Untuk specific use , such as computer labs , research and a few other things , then the model is peer -to-peer connections could be developed for more than 10 to 100 computers .Peer to peer is a model where each PC can be put on the resource on another PC or give resourcenya to use another PC , No one acts as a server that manages the communication system and computer resource usage dijaringan contained , in other words, any computer can function as a client and servers in the same period .
For example, there are several computers in one department , was named the group in accordance with the relevant department . Each computer is assigned an IP address from the same IP class to be able to share with each other to exchange data or resources owned by each computer , such as printers , cdrom , and other files .
Client - ServerClient Server is a network model that uses a single or multiple computers as servers that provide their resources to other computers ( clients) in the network , the server will set the resource access mechanisms that may be used , as well as the communication mechanism between nodes in the network .
In addition to the local network , this system can also be applied to internet technology . Where there is a computer unit ) functions as a server which only provides services to other computers , and also the client who requested the services of the server only . Access is done transparently from the client by first logging into the destination server .
Client can only use the resources provided by a server in accordance with the authority granted by administrator.Aplikasi that run on the client side , can be a resource that is available in server.namun only be run after connecting to the server . In the software implementation splikasi installed client side is different from the one used in the server .
Client - Server type of service include:File Server : provide file management service functions .Print Server : provide a function printing services .Database Server : the functional processes of the database run on this machine and other stations can be requested service .DIP ( Document Information Processing ) : provides services function storage , management and retrieval of data .
Advantages of peer to peer networks• Implementation is cheap and easy• Does not require special network administration software• Does not require network administrators
Disadvantages of peer to peer networks• The network can not be too big ( can not enlarge the network )• Security level low• Nothing is to manage network• Computer users should be trained to secure computer networks , respectively• More and more machines be shared , will affect computer performance
Advantages of client server network• Support for better network security• Ease of administration when networks increase in size• Centralized Network Management• All data can be stored and backed up centrally in one location
Disadvantages of client server network• Need a professional network administrator• Need a good device to use as a server computer• Need software tools to simplify network management operations• The budget for network management becomes a big• If the server is down , all the data and can not be accessed in server resource
COMPUTER NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Before the popular computer network , computer users never know the distributed system . There is something quite confusing use of the term in computer networks and distributed systems ( distributed system ) .
Similarly, the second is a collection of computers that are connected to the transmission medium is relatively not much different , both have to move the file . More specific difference between Computer Network and Distribution System as follows :
The main difference between computer networks and distributed systems lies in the software (especially operating systems ) rather than hardware , because lunaklah device that determines the level of integration and network transparency is concerned .
HISTORY NETWORK & INTERNET
Computer networksYear 1950 when the types of computers began to swell until the creation of a super computer, a computer must serve multiple terminals . ( See Figure 1.4 ) was found for the distribution of time-based concept known as TSS ( Time Sharing System ) , and for the first time forming a network (network ) computer at the application layer .
In some of the TSS system terminal is connected to a host computer . In the process began to appear TSS blend of computer technology and telecommunications technology that was originally grown on their own .
In 1957 the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( ARPA ) established by the Department of Defence ( DoD ) USA , 1967 the initial design of the ARPANET was published in 1969 and held a DoD ARPANET development by conducting research to connect a computer to form an organic network ( this program is known as the ARPANET ) .
As in the image above , in this process some of the host computer is doing a great job in series to serve several terminals are connected in parallel on each host computer . In the distribution process has been absolutely necessary blend of deep between computer technology and telecommunications , because in addition to the process that must be distributed , the host computer must serve all the terminals in a single command from the computer center .
Furthermore, when the prices of small computers had started to decline and the concept of process distribution has matured , the use of computers and networks have started to vary , from start to handle the process together and communication between computers ( Peer to Peer System ) without going through a computer control center . To begin developing the local network technology known as a LAN . Similarly, when the Internet was introduced , the majority of LAN stand-alone start to relate to each other , until forming a giant network WAN .
Types of networkIn general, a computer network is divided into three types of networks:
Local Area Network ( LAN )A LAN is a network that is limited by a relatively small area , generally bounded by the area of the environment , such as an office in a building , or of each room in a school . Usually the distance between nodes is not more than about 200 m .
Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN )A MAN typically covers a larger area than a LAN , for example, between buildings in an area ( such as provincial region or state ) . In this case the network connecting several small tissue pieces into a larger area environment , as an example , namely : a network of multiple branches of a bank in a large city that is connected to each other .
Wide Area Network ( WAN )Wide Area Network ( WAN ) is a network that is usually already using the wireless medium , a means of satellite or fiber-optic cable , because its scope is broader , covering not just one city or between cities in a region , but began reaching out to area / territory authorities of other countries .
For example, City Bank office computer networks that exist in Indonesia or in other countries , which are interconnected , network ATM Master Card , Visa Card or Cirrus spread around the world and others.
WAN is usually more complicated and highly complex when compared to LAN or MAN . Use many means to connect between LAN and WAN into a global communications such as the internet , however the LAN , MAN and WAN are not much different in some ways , just a different scope of the area just one among others .
GOALS / BENEFITS NETWORK COMPUTER
Benefits for the user computer networks can be grouped into two , namely : for the needs of the company , and to the public network .
The main purpose of the establishment of a network in a company are :Resource sharing is intended to make the whole program , the equipment , especially the data can be used by everyone on the network .Saving Money ( Saving money / budget ) : Device and data that can be shared will make substantial budget savings , because it does not need to buy a new device to be installed in each and every unit of computer
High reliability ( high reliability ) : Management Information System Integrated Office or the One-Stop system with client-server technology , Internet and intranet can be applied to a computer network , so as to provide a service that is reliable, fast and accurate according to the needs and expectations .
Computer networks for public benefits :Computer networks will provide different services to the users in homes compared with the services provided to the company . There are three main things that form the attractiveness of individual computers on the network are:access to information located elsewhere ( such as access to the latest news , infoe -government , e - commerce or e -business , everything is up to date ) .person to person communication ( such as e - mail , chat , video conferene etc. ) .Interactive entertainment ( like watching tv shows on-line , radio streaming , downloading movies or songs , etc. ) .
SOCIAL ISSUES ARISING FROM COMPUTER NETWORK ( INTERNET )
Network usage by the public at large will cause social problems , ethics , politics , and economics are inevitable . The Internet has entered the lives of people everywhere , everyone can use regardless of their social status , age , gender as well .
Internet usage will not cause problems for the subject is limited to technical topics , education or hobby , as well as things that are still within the norms of life , but trouble began to appear when a site on the internet have very interesting topics , like political conflict , religion , sex , etc .
Computer network connection / internet will also cause serious economic problems when the technology is used by certain parties - parties who want to take personal advantage but harm other parties , such as carding activity , illegally download commercial software etc. .
The pictures posted profiles on the Internet pages may be something unusual for friends one person , but very annoying for some people ( because it can cause problems SARA ) .
In addition , the form of the messages are not limited to textual messages saja.Foto high-resolution color and even videoclip singkatpun now can be easily distributed over computer networks .
Some people may be indifferent , but for some other mounting material (eg pornography ) is something that is unacceptable .
